Ruth & Esther / Biblical Texts

The oldest and most complete Hebrew Bible

The 28th edition of the Nestle-Aland had to accomplish two different tasks. First, the apparatus had to be revised thoroughly to give it more clarity and make it easier to use. Secondly, the text-critical in-sights and decisions resulting from work on the Editio Critica Maior of the Greek New Testament had to be incorporated. As a consequence of these alterations, which so far concern only the Catholic Letters, the Nestle-Aland has for the first time in its history a different presentation for different parts of the text. The Catholic Letters were revised according to a fundamentally new concept which in the long run will be adopted for the entire edition. The revision of the remaining texts was confined to a thorough inspection and rearrangement of the apparatus, while the basic structure was left untouched. Another important innovation is that from now on the Nestle-Aland will not appear only as a printed book, but also in digital form.

The Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (SDBH), is based on semantic domains, comparable to Louw and Nida’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. As a Bible translator, it is an incredibly valuable reference tool for your translation work.

Based on Louw & Nida's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, ©1988-2021 United Bible Societies.

Hundreds of manuscripts made up of thousands of fragments – discovered from 1947 and until the early 1960’s in the Judean Desert along the western shore of the Dead Sea – are now available to the public online.

Official internet editions of academic biblical texts:

• Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia
• Novum Testamentum Graece (28th ed.)
• Septuagint (ed. Rahlfs/Hanhart)
• Vulgate (ed. Weber/Gryson)

The Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Project allows users to examine and explore these most ancient manuscripts from Second Temple times at a level of detail never before possible. Developed in partnership with Google, the new website gives users access to searchable, fast-loading, high-resolution images of the scrolls, as well as short explanatory videos and background information on the texts and their history.

Resources for the study of the Septuagint and old Greek translations of the Hebrew scriptures